CAUSATIVES AND PREFERENCES
By Nargis Tan
CAUSATIVES
Generalizations : causatives are main verbs that cause people or machines to do things to change.
Use of Make/get /have Get (menyuruh seseorang/ mesin untuk melakukan pekerjaan)
S + Have + O + V3
Get (benda)
S + Have + O + V1
Get + O (orang) + To V1
Perhatikan pola make/get/have
Jika setelah make/get/have diikuti oleh object benda maka diikuti oleh verb 3 ( passive form).
Nora got her mother’s wedding dress altered so it fit perfectly
Something Verb3
Apabila setelah make/get/have diikuti oleh orang maka diikuti oleh verb 1 baik menggunakan “to”( setelah Get ) atau tanpa “to” ( setelah Have dan make)
They are listed below in order of the most forceful to the least forceful
- Make
The person causes it to happen by forcing another person to do it.
S + make + O + V3
I made this machine worked
I can’t seem make this dishwasher run
S + make + O + V1
The lecturer made the college students do the task
The mother makes the baby take a nap.
- Get
Get has less force and authority than make
S + GET + SOMEONE + TO V1
My brother gets the barber to cut his hair.
I get my servant to wash my clothes
S + GET + SOMETHING + V3
I will get my car repaired.
Where will you get your hair cut ?
- Have
Have has even less force and authority than get
S + HAVE + SOMEONE + V1
she has her sister do the housework.
I have my best friend buy lunch.
S + HAVE + SOMETHING + V3
Have you had your temperature taken ?
I’ll have my watch ( repair ; repaired )
The teacher always has the student ( study ; studied ) hard for the exam.
PREFERENCES
There are different ways we can ask about preferences( pilihan). To ask about people’s general tastes or preferences we can use one of the following. They all have the same meaning:
We can use “prefer”; “like….better than”; “would rather”
- Would Prefer (Prefer)
Prefer / would prefer means “to like or want someone or something more than someone or something else”
We choose one thing between different options. We can use “prefer” in 3 different forms.
Forms and Usage
Prefer something to something else
I prefer football to basketball.
I would prefer city to country.
She prefers tea to coffee. She would prefer tea to coffee.
Which do you prefer tea or coffee?
I prefer tea to coffee.
Imagine that a friend is visiting your home. You offer to make them a drink. You ask:
Would you prefer tea or coffee?
Tea, please.
Prefer to do something rather than do something else
I’d prefer to drink tea rather than drink coffee.
Tom prefers to stay at home rather than go to the cinema tonight.
They prefer to drive rather than go by bus.
Which do you prefer to drink tea or coffee? (Notice: prefer to + present simple)
I prefer to drink tea than coffee.
Prefer doing something to doing something else
I prefer drinking tea to drinking coffee.
We prefer jogging to running.
They prefer driving to going by bus.
Which do you prefer drinking tea or coffee?
I prefer drinking tea to coffee.
- LIKE
Like something better than something else
The boys like basketball better than football
My family and I like beach better than park
Like doing something better than something else
My father likes watching TV better than reading newspaper.
My mother likes going to the mall better than staying at home at weekend.
His brother likes operating computer better than doing his homework.
He likes basketball batter than football.
Catatan: Untuk kalimat dengan subject tunggal maka kata like ditambah dengan -s.
- WOULD RATHER
Would Rather do something than do something else
S + would rather + V1 + than + V1
They would rather take the chance than ignore it.
I would rather save the money than spend it.
Rudy would rather phone me than sends SMS.
He would rather leave than stays in this room.
Many teenagers would rather enjoy surfing on the internet than listen to the radio.
The police would rather arrest the robber than set him free.
- would rather + bare infinitive + than
- I’d rather work in an office than outdoors.
- prefer + gerund (verb ing ) + to + gerund
- I prefer going to a job interview to writing my CV
- prefer + to + infinitive + rather than + bare infinitive
- I prefer to go to a job interview rather than write my CV.
- Like +Gerund +better than +gerund
- I like listening to the songs better than attending the musical concert.